The Upper Grades Standards Edition Unit 5 (Multiplication & Division Level 2) strengthens concepts and builds proficiency with multi=digit numbers. Activities progress from concrete to realistic models to visual cues, and finally to abstract numbers. Arrays, graphic organizers keep students engaged and increase rate of learning. Multi-step word problems build understanding of how the concepts are used day-to-day. Formal testing procedures are reinforced helping the students become accustomed to a mixture of writing answers and bubbling answers. A variety of questioning styles are used in the pre- and post-tests.